https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42635 3 ionisation chamber following the International Electrotechnical Commission standard. Film was also used to illustrate leakage distribution in the patient plane. Angular and energy dependences of the leakage radiation were quantified as well as a two-dimensional leakage profile in the plane parallel to one applicator. Results: Leakage was found when the diameter of primary collimator of the kV tube exceeded the external dimension of the applicator wall. In the patient plane all applicators showed similar leakage rates with the leakage distribution dependent upon applicator design. Mean patient plane leakage was 1.37% of central axis air kerma rate, exceeding the 0.5% limit specified in the standard. Leakage was shown to be profoundly energy dependent with maximum leakage of 11.8% for the 200 kV beam, 1.3% for 150 kV and 0.2% for 100 kV. Angular dependence measurements showed a 10.3% change in leakage between the minimum and maximum positions. Conclusion: The combination of shielding thickness, primary collimator design and applicator dimensions permits unwanted radiation to contribute dose outside the treatment field when energies ≥150 kV are used. Advanced in Knowledge: Even carefully designed modern kv therapy systems can exhibit leakage in some areas. Thorough assessment of leakage is needed prior to release for clinical use.]]> Wed 31 Aug 2022 09:25:30 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45208 Wed 26 Oct 2022 15:56:39 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44980 Wed 26 Oct 2022 08:53:25 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29702 Wed 11 Apr 2018 15:31:38 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29911 Wed 11 Apr 2018 09:48:16 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34579 Wed 09 Mar 2022 16:00:51 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34489 Tue 19 Mar 2019 11:34:03 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39087 2AlB₂, using a combination of experimental characterization and first-principles calculations. We find that Fe₂,AlB₂ is more tolerant to radiation-induced amorphization than MoAlB, both at 150 ℃ and at 300 ℃. The results can be explained by the fact that the Mo Frenkel pair is unstable in MoAlB and as a result, irradiated MoAlB is expected to have a significant concentration of Mo_Al antisites, which are difficult to anneal even at 300 ℃. We find that the tolerance to radiation-induced amorphization of MAB phases is lower than in MAX phases, but it is comparable to that of SiC. However, MAB phases do not show radiation-induced cracking which is observed in MAX phases under the same irradiation conditions. This study suggests that MAB phases might be a promising class of materials for applications that involve radiation.]]> Tue 14 May 2024 09:12:30 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42275 Tue 07 Nov 2023 11:20:11 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34741 Thu 17 Feb 2022 09:29:26 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31394 Thu 17 Feb 2022 09:28:54 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43332 Thu 15 Sep 2022 14:57:43 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39461 2S–C₃P) during the solidification of basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) slag. Typically, C₂S–C₃P solidifies first and has a lower density than the remaining liquid slag, suggesting that gravity separation may be possible. This study simulated the cooling behaviour of BOS slag, and predicted the potential for spherical C₂S–C₃P particles to float. A lumped parameter heat transfer model based on ordinary differential equations was developed to predict the temporal variations of slag temperature in a 5 mm diameter Pt crucible. Hydrodynamic calculations were also carried out to study the floating behaviour of the spherical particles. The results showed reasonable agreement between predictions and experimental measurements for the slag’s cooling rate. In the separation experiments, coarse C₂S–C₃P crystals were observed in the upper section of the crucible, while a glassy slag was observed in the lower section. This is consistent with the hydrodynamic calculations that showed the single particles floating up to the interface. Preliminary approximations were also performed for industrial slag pots which showed the higher possibility of separation for a shallow and insulated slag pot. Further studies are required to confirm the nucleation and growth behaviour in the experiments.]]> Thu 09 Jun 2022 09:15:21 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:7370 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:40:15 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:9033 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:39:13 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18232 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:04:52 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:17669 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:57:47 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29159 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:35:43 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26649 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:26:50 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:22209 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:11:17 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42278 20 mSv). The study cohort included 428 patients (193 male and 235 female) with an average age of 44 years (±28). There were 447 procedures performed, i.e., all involved operative fluoroscopy, 116 involved computed tomography, and 397 involved X-ray. The mean cumulative effective dose per patient was 1.96 mSv (±4.98, 45.12). The mean cumulative effective dose for operative fluoroscopy was 0.32 mSv (±0.73, 5.91), for X-ray was 1.12 mSv (±3.6, 39.23) and for computed tomography was 2.22 mSv (±4.13, 20.14). The mean cumulative effective dose of 1.96 mSv falls below the recommended maximum annual exposure of 20 mSv. This study can serve as a guide for informing clinicians and patients of the acceptable radiation risk in the context of isolated extremity trauma.]]> Fri 19 Aug 2022 14:51:21 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42286 Fri 17 Nov 2023 11:23:06 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51740 Fri 15 Sep 2023 18:14:17 AEST ]]>